Geopsy: Graphic

A Graphic is a graph Signal viewer representing the data of a set or a subset of signals, either time histories, Fourier Transform amplitudes or Fourier Transform phases (refer to Geopsy: Fast Fourier Transform). It can be created using the View menu and then drag & drop the set of signals of interest in the graphic viewer. Drag & drop signals directly on the graphic icon in the toolbar produces the same.

The various actions that can be performed with a subset of signals in a graphic are described in Signal viewer entry.

Appearance

Graphic viewer

The graphic viewer makes use of a general graph object from the SciFigs library allowing to customize and save the figure.

When only one signal is represented, the Y scale is the signal amplitude (count or volts). When various signals are shown, the Y scale ranges from 0.5 to n+0.5 where n is the number of signals. The axis label are generally replaced by the names of signals suffixed by the signal's component. The baseline (reference line with a null amplitude) of each signal is located at y=1, 2,..., n. The signals are drawn around their baseline. The maximum amplitude around this baseline is adjusted by the normalisation parameters described hereafter.

Layers in a Graphic viewer

Layer stack

A graphic viewer is a superposition of 4 layers. They can be seen and modified by double-clicking on the graphic or right-clicking and choosing Properties, in the Graphic tab, box Layer stack.

• Layer 1 is a signal Layer described in the following section
• Layer 2 is the Time window layer used by the tools
• Layer 3 is a Pick layer including the manual time picks described in a following section
• Layer 4 is the Slope estimator layer including the hodochrones described in a following section.

For more details on Layers follow this link.

The signal layer

Signal layer properties

Signals are plotted in a special type of layer developed especially for Geopsy. The parameters to customize are accessed by double-clicking on the graphic or right-clicking and choosing Properties. In the Layers tab, the first box entitled Signals contains the parameters linked to the signal layer.

Appearance Box

In the Appearance Box the following options can be checked:

• Colors: the amplitude of the signals is represented with a colour scale. This mode of representation has some constraint: the sampling frequency of all signals must be the same and the differences of T0 must a multiple of the sampling period. This mode is generally reserved for reflection data (radar or seismic).
• Variable area: the positive areas are coloured in black.
• Wiggle: if selected, the signal is drawn as a solid line

Values Box

In the Values Box the following parameters are available:

• Normalize by. Maxima are calculated on each signal by one of the proposed methods in a first step:
  • max of all traces: a unique maximum is the maximum of the maxima found on each trace.
  • max of each trace: the maxima are the maxima found on each trace. The normalisation varies from one trace to another.
  • visible max of all traces: a unique maximum is the maximum of the maxima found on the currently visible part of each trace.
  • visible max of each trace: the maxima are the maxima found on the currently visible part of each trace. The normalisation varies from one trace to another.
  • specified value: an arbitrary value can be specified in the underlying text box.

• Clip: in a second step, a clip value is calculated (as a function of the maximum or the maxima if "percentage" is selected). If each trace is selected in the normalisation, the clip value may change from one trace to another.
  • no: the clip value is the maximum or the maxima, no visualisation clip effect.
  • value: an arbitrary value can be fixed.
  • percentage: the clip value is set as a percentage of the maximum or the maxima.

• Overlap: in a third step, the time dependent offsets from the signal baseline are calculated. These offsets are equal to the half of the overlap value (no division by 2 for frequency spectra) if the amplitude of the signal is equal to the maximum of the considered signal (case of each trace normalisation). An overlap of 1 ensures that the signals will never overlap.

Modified layer of signals

The procedure remains valid when only one signal is plotted, except that max of each or max of all have no effects.

An example of signals normalised by visible max of each trace, clipped at 25%, and with an overlap of 4 is given on the left.

Y Axis Box

In the Y Axis Box one of the following option can be chosen:

• Signal index is the default option for the baseline.
• Projection of receivers coordinates. An horizontal line is automatically adjusted to the receiver X,Y coordinates with a least square method. The receivers coordinates are then projected on to this line to calculate distances along this line. The scale of the Y axis is the distance along this line.
• Station names is the same as Signal index except that it gives the names of the station at the end of the baseline.
• Overlayed plots all the signals on the same baseline.

Time range Box

In the Time range Box one of the following options can be chosen:

• Available range displays the whole available time range
• Around a pick displays the signal from t1 to t2. The time reference for t1 and t2 is TimePick[]

• • t1 is equal to TimePick[] - Before value
  • t2 is equal to TimePick[] - after value

• Custom range displays the signals from t1 to t2
  • t1 can be defined manually by selecting this time, during and TimePick[] or automatically by selecting T0
  • t2 can be defined manually by selecting this time, during and TimePick[] or automatically by selecting End
  • If t1 and t2 are respectively set to T0 and End, the whole signal will be displayed

Time Picking

Picks are time markers that you can use to identify particular times and/or phases (e.g. Vp arrivals for refraction, time limits for signal processing such as a time domain taper). Picks appear as thick colored vertical lines in the time line of the traces. Several marker sets can be defined (one marker per trace), for example 1 marker set per wave arrival.

For that purpose, right-click on the graphic viewer and select Pick. A dialog box appears with the picking options:

• Use pick allows to select marker set. Marker sets are arbitrary names.
• Magnifier window displays an additional graphic viewer during the picking with a zoomed time scale around the pick. It is a usual graphic viewer, with a vertical line to mark the current position of the mouse (created with ParallelBands layer, hence you can hide it if you want). All the common properties of a graphic viewer may be changed, for instance to enlarge the time interval or to fix the Y scale. The X interval is kept constant as the mouse moves. The following options can precise the parameters of this window:
  • Size of context: defines the number of traces visible above and below the selected one
  • Display time: defines the time interval of the magnified time window

It is not possible to pick in the Magnifier window.

Picking of wave arrivals.

The active trace is highlighted in red and the current marker set name is displayed in the bottom right corner. Once Setting "PICKNAME" is displayed, any click on the mouse left button will modify the value of the current pick on the active signal trace, highlighted in red. Use the Up and Down arrows to change the active signal, Left and Right arrows to switch between marker sets. If hitting those keys has no effect, check that the main graphic viewer is active, if not, click in its title bar (this is frequently the case when a magnifier is used). If you press SHIFT and the left mouse button while moving the mouse, the current signal is automatically changed and time picks are modified when the mouse hits the signal base lines.

Properties of the Time Picks Layer.

You can select the visible time picks as well as their colors with the Box Picks in the tab Layers of graphic properties (Properties are reached by double-click on the graph or right-click>Properties) . These parameters are saved and restored in the same way as other settings.

You can modify picks in a table by editing the corresponding fields. However, it is usually edited in the graphic signal viewer with mouse clicks as explained above.

Signal selection

Contrary to tables, it is not possible to select particular signals in a graphic viewer. The drag and drop mechanism works in a similar way but all the signals are considered rather than a selection. Graphic viewers also accept drops of signals that are added at the end.